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German · A2 · Family moment

Lending toys to a friend in German

Practise giving, lending, showing and returning toys. Use the dative to say who receives a toy or who is shown something.

What you'll learn

  • Use dative noun articles for recipients with geben, zeigen and leihen.
  • Use mir, dir, ihm, ihr and uns in friendly toy exchanges.
  • Distinguish giving a toy from lending it and asking for it back.

German phrases for lending toys to a friend

  • Kannst du mir den Traktor geben?

    Can you give me the tractor?

    Mir means “to me” and identifies the recipient.

  • Ich leihe dir meinen kleinen Zug.

    I am lending you my little train.

    Dir means “to you”: you receive the train on loan.

  • Sollen wir dem Baby diesen Ball geben?

    Shall we give the baby this ball?

    Das Baby becomes dem Baby because the baby is the recipient.

  • Zeig deinem Freund bitte die Knöpfe.

    Please show your friend the buttons.

    Deinem Freund identifies the person being shown the buttons. For a female friend, use deiner Freundin.

  • Ich gebe ihr den gelben Lastwagen.

    I am giving her the yellow truck.

    Ihr means “to her” here.

  • Kannst du ihm deinen Dinosaurier leihen?

    Can you lend him your dinosaur?

    Ihm means “to him”: he is the person borrowing the toy.

  • Gib mir bitte die Puppe zurück.

    Please give the doll back to me.

    Mir identifies who gets the doll back. Zurückgeben means “to give back.”

  • Dein Freund zeigt uns seinen Roboter.

    Your friend is showing us his robot.

    Uns identifies the people being shown the robot.

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Key words

der Traktor

tractor

Plural: die Traktoren.

der Zug

train

Plural: die Züge.

das Baby

baby

Plural: die Babys.

der Ball

ball

Plural: die Bälle.

der Freund / die Freundin

friend

Plurals: die Freunde / die Freundinnen.

der Knopf

button

Plural: die Knöpfe. Used here for buttons on a toy.

der Lastwagen

truck

Plural: die Lastwagen.

der Dinosaurier

dinosaur

Plural: die Dinosaurier.

die Puppe

doll

Plural: die Puppen.

der Roboter

robot

Plural: die Roboter.

geben

to give

Give someone something.

zeigen

to show

Show someone something.

leihen

to lend

In these phrases, someone receives a toy temporarily.

zurückgeben

to give back

Return something to someone.

The recipient takes the dative

With geben, zeigen and leihen, use the dative for the person receiving something or being shown something. Ask “To whom?” The toy itself is not the dative recipient.

UseFormExample
Give someone somethinggeben + dative recipient + thingIch gebe dir den Ball.
Show someone somethingzeigen + dative recipient + thingIch zeige dem Baby den Roboter.
Lend someone somethingleihen + dative recipient + thingIch leihe ihr den Zug.

Dative articles for noun recipients

Choose the dative article to match the recipient noun. In the dative plural, the noun usually adds -n if its plural does not already end in -n or -s.

UseFormExample
Masculineder → dem; ein → einemIch gebe dem Freund den Ball.
Femininedie → der; eine → einerIch zeige der Freundin den Roboter.
Neuterdas → dem; ein → einemIch gebe einem Baby den Ball.
Pluraldie → denIch leihe den Freunden den Zug.
Your frienddein Freund → deinem Freund; deine Freundin → deiner FreundinZeig deiner Freundin bitte die Knöpfe.

Dative personal pronouns

Replace a named recipient with a dative pronoun. English often says “me” or “her” without “to”; German still uses the dative.

UseFormExample
To meich → mirGib mir bitte die Puppe.
To you: one familiar persondu → dirIch leihe dir meinen Zug.
To him / to iter / es → ihmIch gebe ihm den Ball.
To hersie → ihrIch zeige ihr den Traktor.
To uswir → unsDein Freund zeigt uns seinen Roboter.
To you: several familiar peopleihr → euchIch leihe euch den Dinosaurier.
To themsie → ihnenIch gebe ihnen den Ball.
To you: politeSie → IhnenIch zeige Ihnen den Roboter.

More examples

Ich leihe meinem Freund den Traktor.

I am lending my friend the tractor.

Meinem Freund is the dative recipient.

Ich leihe ihm den Traktor.

I am lending him the tractor.

Ihm replaces meinem Freund.

Wir zeigen der Freundin die Knöpfe.

We are showing the friend the buttons.

Der Freundin is dative and refers to a female friend.

Wir zeigen ihr die Knöpfe.

We are showing her the buttons.

Ihr replaces der Freundin.

Gib mir bitte meinen Zug zurück.

Please give me back my train.

Mir says who should receive the train back.

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