German for primary school kids

German · A2 · Family moment

Yesterday's Small Adventures in German

Use the German Perfekt to talk together about the small adventures of your child's school day. It combines a present-tense form of haben or sein with a past participle.

What you'll learn

  • Recall school-day moments using familiar German phrases.
  • Choose haben or sein for the verbs in this guide.
  • Recognize common past participles.
  • Put the auxiliary and past participle in the correct positions.

German phrases for yesterday's small adventures

  • Du hast deinen Schulranzen gepackt.

    You have packed your school bag.

    Use du when speaking to one child. Packen uses haben; its regular past participle is gepackt.

  • Wir sind zu Fuß zur Schule gegangen.

    We have walked to school.

    Zu Fuß means 'on foot.' Gehen uses sein when describing movement from one place to another.

  • Du hast dein Sandwich gegessen.

    You have eaten your sandwich.

    Essen uses haben. Its irregular past participle is gegessen.

  • Ich habe den Brief von der Schule gelesen.

    I have read your school letter.

    Den Brief von der Schule is a natural way to refer to the letter sent by your child's school. Lesen becomes gelesen.

  • Du hast drei Sätze geschrieben.

    You have written three sentences.

    Schreiben uses haben; its past participle is geschrieben. The plural of Satz is Sätze.

  • Wir sind zusammen nach Hause gegangen.

    We have gone home together.

    Nach Hause means 'home' as a destination. Gehen takes sein.

  • Dein Freund ist zu uns nach Hause gekommen.

    Your friend has come to our house.

    Kommen takes sein and becomes gekommen. Use deine Freundin for a female friend.

  • Dein Zahn ist ausgefallen!

    Your tooth has fallen out!

    Ausfallen takes sein here because it describes a change of state. Its past participle is ausgefallen.

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Key words

der Schulranzen

school bag

Commonly used for a primary-school child's structured school bag.

zu Fuß

on foot

Add this to gehen to make it clear that you walked.

der Brief

letter

Ein Brief von der Schule is a letter from the school.

der Satz / die Sätze

sentence / sentences

The plural changes a to ä and adds -e.

nach Hause / zu Hause

home (destination) / at home (location)

Use nach Hause when going home and zu Hause when already there.

der Zahn / die Zähne

tooth / teeth

For a tooth falling out, use ausfallen.

Choosing haben or sein

Most verbs form the Perfekt with haben. Use sein with many verbs of movement to another place and with some verbs describing a change of state. The auxiliary changes to match the subject.

UseFormExample
Haben: actions in this guideich habe; du hast; wir haben + past participleDu hast dein Sandwich gegessen.
Sein: movementich bin; du bist; er/sie/es ist; wir sind + gegangen or gekommenWir sind zur Schule gegangen.
Sein: change of stateist + ausgefallenDein Zahn ist ausgefallen!

Common past participles

Many regular verbs form the past participle with ge- + stem + -t. Many irregular verbs end in -en and must be learned individually. With separable verbs such as ausfallen, ge- goes between the prefix and the verb stem.

UseFormExample
packengepacktDu hast deinen Schulranzen gepackt.
gehengegangenWir sind nach Hause gegangen.
essengegessenDu hast dein Sandwich gegessen.
lesengelesenIch habe den Brief gelesen.
schreibengeschriebenDu hast drei Sätze geschrieben.
kommengekommenDein Freund ist gekommen.
ausfallenausgefallenDein Zahn ist ausgefallen!

Sentence brackets

In a main statement, the auxiliary is the second sentence element and the past participle goes at the end. They form a bracket around the middle of the sentence. In a yes/no question, the auxiliary comes first.

UseFormExample
Subject firstsubject + auxiliary + other information + past participleWir sind zusammen nach Hause gegangen.
Time expression firsttime expression + auxiliary + subject + other information + past participleGestern hast du drei Sätze geschrieben.
Yes/no questionauxiliary + subject + other information + past participle?Hast du deinen Schulranzen gepackt?

More examples

Gestern sind wir zu Fuß zur Schule gegangen.

Yesterday we walked to school.

Gestern occupies the first position, so sind comes before wir. German Perfekt often corresponds to English simple past.

Hast du dein Sandwich gegessen?

Have you eaten your sandwich?

Move hast to the beginning to ask a yes/no question.

Ist deine Freundin zu uns nach Hause gekommen?

Has your friend come to our house?

This refers to a female friend. Kommen still uses sein, with ist at the start of the question.

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