Spanish · C1 · Milestone
C1 three-quarter milestone in Spanish
At this C1 milestone, we integrate complex reporting structures, emphasis techniques, and advanced qualifying clauses within the context of community governance and policy debate.
What you'll learn
- Synthesize advanced indirect reporting and reported requests using the subjunctive mood.
- Utilize focus clefts (it is... that...) to highlight specific concerns in a formal debate.
- Master complex concessive and exception structures to provide nuanced critiques of official documents.
Spanish phrases for c1 three-quarter milestone
La presidencia dice que la propuesta aún no ha sido aprobada.
The chair says the proposal has not yet been approved.
A standard indirect report using the indicative for a factual claim.
Los residentes explican que tienen prioridades contrapuestas.
The residents explain that they have conflicting priorities.
'Contrapuestas' is a high-level adjective for 'conflicting' or 'opposing'.
El borrador recientemente revisado merece una lectura más detenida.
The recently revised draft deserves a more careful reading.
Uses a participial attribute 'recientemente revisado' and nominal style 'una lectura'.
Sin una aplicación adecuada, las restricciones lograrían muy poco.
Without adequate enforcement, the restrictions would achieve very little.
A conditional structure (lograrían) used to express a hypothetical outcome.
Es el impacto desigual lo que más me preocupa.
It is the unequal impact that concerns me most.
A focus cleft (Es... lo que...) used for rhetorical emphasis.
Por muy razonable que sea el objetivo, la redacción sigue siendo demasiado amplia.
However reasonable the aim is, the wording remains too broad.
A complex concessive structure: 'Por muy + adjective + que + subjunctive'.
El resumen es equilibrado, a excepción de que pasa por alto a los trabajadores por turnos.
The summary is balanced, except that it overlooks shift workers.
Advanced exception structure using 'a excepción de que'.
La presidencia pide que las objeciones se presenten antes de la próxima reunión.
The chair asks that objections be submitted before the next meeting.
A reported request using the subjunctive (presenten) and the passive 'se'.
Hear these phrases and practise them
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Try it free for 7 daysKey words
La presidencia
The chair / The board
Refers to the presiding officer or the administrative body in a formal setting.
Borrador
Draft
Essential for discussing preliminary documents or policies.
Pasa por alto
Overlooks / Ignores
A verbal phrase useful for identifying omissions in reports.
Redacción
Wording / Drafting
Refers to how a text is written or formulated.
Focus Clefts (Oraciones Hendidas)
To emphasize a specific part of the sentence, Spanish uses 'Es [element] lo que [verb]'. This is the C1 equivalent of English 'It is... that...'.
| Use | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Subject Emphasis | Es + Noun + lo que | Es la falta de ruido lo que buscamos. |
| Causal Emphasis | Es por eso que | Es por eso que no estamos de acuerdo. |
Advanced Concession: Por muy... que
This structure triggers the subjunctive and is used to express 'No matter how' or 'However [adjective]'.
| Use | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Por muy + Adj + que + Subj | Por muy caro que sea, lo compraremos. |
Reported Requests
When reporting a wish, command, or request (like Konjunktiv I reporting requests), Spanish uses 'Verbo de influencia + que + Subjuntivo'.
| Use | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Reporting a command | Pedir/Exigir que + Subj | Exigen que se escuche a los vecinos. |
More examples
Es la redacción del borrador lo que genera más dudas.
It is the wording of the draft that generates the most doubt.
Example of a focus cleft for precise criticism.
El informe es correcto, salvo que ignora el ruido industrial.
The report is correct, except that it ignores industrial noise.
A variation of the exception clause using 'salvo que'.